Evaluating the Impact of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract on Drought Stress Mitigation to Enhance Growth and Yield in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Muhammad Haris; Sajid Ali; Mehreen Hassan; Adnan Zahid; Muhammad Taqqi Abbas; Ammara Fatima; Bushra Zulfiqar; Zaira Ahmad; Sumaira Maqsood; Syed  Zia ul Hasan

doi:10.55627/agrivet.03.02.0805

Authors

Muhammad Haris Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore
Sajid Ali Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore,
Mehreen Hassan Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Adnan Zahid Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Taqqi Abbas Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore
Ammara Fatima Department of Environmental sciences, Lahore College for women University Lahore
Bushra Zulfiqar Citrus Research Institute Sargodha
Zaira Ahmad Department of Environmental sciences, Lahore College for women University Lahore
Sumaira Maqsood Department of Environmental Sciences Kohsar University Murree
Syed Zia ul Hasan Hill Fruit Research Station, Murree

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55627/agrivet.03.02.0805

Keywords:

vigna radiata

Abstract

Vigna radiata (mung bean) is a well-known agricultural crop with high nutritional value and adaptability. In volatile climates, drought stress poses a threat to its production. Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) is a natural remedy that includes bioactive ingredients and eco-friendly organic fertilizer. In order to improve plant growth, productivity, water usage effectiveness, and nutrient availability, MLEs are essential for controlling drought stress. This mixture strengthens agricultural resilience and works well with habitats that lack water. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extract from moringa leaves may help preserve Mung agriculture from drought stress. Three water conditions were used to grow the seeds: normal (control; 100% field capacity), moderate (75%), and severe (50%). Then, to aid in growth and the creation of pods, moringa leaf extracts (Control: no MLE, 5x, 10x, and 20x dilutions) were sprayed as foliar spray at various points during germination, vegetative growth, reproductive development, and pod formation. Agronomic, yield, and grain quality indicators in agricultural crops were severely impacted by water stress, although leaf extracts at a 5x dilution dramatically improved root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and the number of pods and seeds harvested under both favorable and unfavorable growing circumstances. Extract has significantly increased the germination rate to 15% compared to seed that was sowed during a drought. In a similar vein, the use of MLE raised shoot and root dry weight by 62% as compared to plants under severe drought conditions. The number of pods dramatically increased by 57% compared to the plant in drought-stricken conditions. The seeds were positively impacted by MLE with a 5x dilution as it increased their quantity by 60% in comparison to the plant under drought, which had the greatest 100 seed weight of 6.02g. Regarding the drought-stressed plant, 5x diluted MLE likewise had a positive impact on biological yield and grain yield, which increased to 73 and 93%, respectively. A 77% rise in the harvest index between the MLE-applied crop and the drought-stressed crop is also notable. From this study, it can be inferred that 5x Dilution leaf extract has a stronger bio stimulant capacity than other Dilutions, which could assist Mung bean seeds produce more seeds and lessen the effects of drought stress.

References

Abd-Alla, M.H., Issa, A.A., Ohyama, T., 2014. Impact of harsh environmental conditions on nodule formation and dinitrogen fixation of legumes. Advances in Biology And Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation 9, 1.

Abd El-Mageed, T.A., Semida, W.M., 2015. Effect of deficit irrigation and growing seasons on plant water status, fruit yield and water use efficiency of squash under saline soil. Scientia Horticulturae 186, 89-100.

Abd El-Mageed, T.A., Semida, W.M., Rady, M.M., 2017. Moringa leaf extract as biostimulant improves water use efficiency, physio-biochemical attributes of squash plants under deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 193, 46-54.

Abusuwar, A.O., Abohassan, R.A., 2017. Effect of Moringa olifera leaf extract on growth and productivity of three cereal forages. Journal of Agricultural Science 9, 236-243.

Ali, M., Abbas, A., Awan, S., Jabran, K., Gardezi, S., 2011. Correlated response of various morpho-physiological characters with grain yield in sorghum landraces at different growth phases. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 21, 671-679.

Álvarez-Aragón, R., Palacios, J.M., Ramírez-Parra, E., 2023. Rhizobial symbiosis promotes drought tolerance in Vicia sativa and Pisum sativum. Environmental and Experimental Botany 208, 105268.

Amin, F., Ullah, S., Saud, S., Ihsan, M.Z., Hassan, S., Kumar, S., Nawaz, T., Harrison, M.T., Liu, K., Khan, I., 2023. Hydrothermal time analysis of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) seed germination at different water potential and temperatures. South African Journal of Botany 157, 447-456.

Appunu, C., N’zoue, A., Moulin, L., Depret, G., Laguerre, G., 2009. Vigna mungo, V. radiata and V. unguiculata plants sampled in different agronomical–ecological–climatic regions of India are nodulated by Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 32, 460-470.

Assaha, D.V.M., Liu, L., Ueda, A., Nagaoka, T., Saneoka, H., 2016. Triveni enterprises. Journal of Environmental Biology 37, 107-114.

Balakumbahan, R., Rajamani, K., 2010. Effect of biostimulants on growth and yield of Senna (Cassia angustifoliavar KKM. 1).

Bañon, S., Ochoa, J., Franco, J., Alarcón, J., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J., 2006. Hardening of oleander seedlings by deficit irrigation and low air humidity. Environmental and Experimental Botany 56, 36-43.

Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Jacinthe, P.-A., 2017. Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal, legume, tuber and root crops production: A review. Agricultural Water Management 179, 18-33.

Elzaawely, A.A., Maswada, H.F., El-Sayed, M., Ahmed, M.E., 2017. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of rice straw extract. International Letters of Natural Sciences 64.

Jalal, A., Rauf, K., Iqbal, B., Khalil, R., Mustafa, H., Murad, M., Khalil, F., Khan, S., da Silva Oliveira, C.E., Teixeira Filho, M.C.M., 2023. Engineering legume for drought stress tolerance: Constraints, accomplishments, and future prospects. South African Journal of Botany 159, 482-491.

Prabu, S.L., Umamaheswari, A., Puratchikody, A., 2019. Phytopharmacological potential of the natural gift Moringa oleifera Lam and its therapeutic application: An overview. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 12, 485-498.

Sekhon, H., Bains, T., Kooner, B., 2006. Grow summer mungbean for improving crop sustainability, farm income and malnutrition, I International Conference on Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes. Prospectus for Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition 752, pp. 459-464.

Singh, G., Kumar, D., Sharma, P., 2015. Effect of organics, biofertilizers and crop residue application on soil microbial activity in rice–wheat and rice-wheat mungbean cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Cogent Geoscience 1, 1085296.

Singh, P., Saini, N., Bhola, L., Mishra, P., Aamir, M., 2023. Crosstalk of biostimulants with other signaling molecules under metal stress, Biostimulants in Alleviation of Metal Toxicity in Plants. Elsevier, pp. 469-509.

Uddin, S., Ullah, S., Nafees, M., 2021. Effect of seed priming on growth and performance of Vigna radiata L. under induced drought stress. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 4, 100140.

Younas, M., Rasool, M.H., Khurshid, M., Khan, A., Nawaz, M.Z., Ahmad, I., Lakhan, M.N., 2023. Moringa oleifera leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial effect against selected gram-negative strains. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 107, 104605.

Zhang, Y.F., Wang, E.T., Tian, C.F., Wang, F.Q., Han, L.L., Chen, W.F., Chen, W.X., 2008. Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum are the main rhizobia associated with Vigna unguiculata and Vigna radiata in the subtropical region of China. FEMS Microbiology Letters 285, 146-154.