Journal of Human Dynamics
type: channel
description: The Journal of Human Dynamics aims to explore the intricate interplay between individuals, societies, and their environments, fostering a deeper understanding of human behavior, dynamics, and development. With a multidisciplinary approach, it seeks to provide a platform for rigorous research and scholarly discourse spanning fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, and beyond. The scope of the journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including but not limited to social networks, cultural evolution, decision-making processes, organizational behavior, conflict resolution, sustainability, and global development. By facilitating the exchange of innovative ideas and empirical insights, the journal strives to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and the promotion of positive societal change.
publisher: Roots Press
language: en
publication name: Journal of Human Dynamics
issn: 3007-2808
items: Strategic Convergence and Asymmetric Interdependence in Pakistan–China Relations
items: Migration and Human Development in Selected OIC Countries
items: Social Safety Nets and Household Welfare: Insights from the Benazir Income Support Program in District Bhakkar
items: Education for Sustainable Development in Pre-ServiceTeacher Education: An Assessment of ProspectiveTeachers’ Knowledge and Skills in a B.Ed. Four-YearProgram
items: The Role of Digitalization in Alleviating Poverty across Developing Economies
items: The Mediating Role of Human Development in the Relationship between Globalization and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Developing Countries
items: Food Security in Hyderabad: Water Governance, Climate-Smart Farming, and Sustainable Agriculture
items: The Politics of Consumption: Fischler’s Food Theory and Moral Agency in the Dystopia of The Platform
items: Exploring the Socio-Economic Determinants of Higher Education in Pakistan
items: Determinants of Household Leverages in Faisalabad
items: Impact of Love Attitude on Emotional Reactivity among University Students
items: Development Induced Displacement: Key Aspect of Thar Coal Project in Sindh
items: Formulation of Women’s Poetics: A Gynocritical Analysis of Unfettered Wings by Sana Munir
items: Infrastructure and Economic Growth: Panel Analysis of Selected Asian Countries
items: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Urdu Version of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System
items: Foreign Capital Dynamics and Macroeconomic Performance in South Asia
items: AI Integration into Public Relations: A Cross-cultural Study of Low Uncertainty Avoidance Culture (the US) vs. High Uncertainty Avoidance Culture (Pakistan).
items: Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Openness: A Fresh Evidence from Developing Economies
items: Exploring Psychoanalytic and Feminist Elements in Murata's Convenience Store Woman
items: Audit Management Information System in Pakistan: Challenges and Future Road Map
items: Integrating Blockchain Technology into Healthcare, A Decentralized Ledger That Improves Respect for Patients' Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
items: Configuring Markedness Theory of Opposition in Qaisara Sheraz’s Typhoon: A Feministic Binary Opposed Linguistic Analysis
items: Beyond the Classroom: The Role of Technology in Modern Education
items: Demographic Transition and Human Capital in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis
items: Nexus between Natural Resources and Human Development in Developing Countries
items: Phytochemicals a Noval Approach as Therapeutic in Prostate Cancer Treatment
items: Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness, Institutional Performance and Economic Growth in Pakistan
items: The Impact of Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries
items: An Eco-Linguistic Study of Kang’s The Vegetarian
items: An overview of Socio-Cultural and Political Status of Sindh Under British Colonial Rule

Strategic Convergence and Asymmetric Interdependence in Pakistan–China Relations
type: item
description: The relationship between Pakistan and China is often referred to as an all-weather strategic partnership. This article analyzes the dynamics of strategic convergence and asymmetric interdependence in the case of Pakistan-China relations. While there is convergence of geopolitical and security interests between both states, especially to balance India and regional stability, the relationship has structural asymmetries, which favor China economically, technologically, and diplomatically. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of secondary literature, official statements, and modern geopolitical developments, the study proposes that class cooperation is maintained due to kingdom strategic convergence, but growing financial dependence on Chinese capital, infrastructure investment and security support limits Pakistan's strategic autonomy.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pakistan–China relations; strategic convergence; asymmetric interdependence; CPEC; South Asian geopolitics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rashida Ahmad
creator: Sana Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rashida Ahmad, Sana Malik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 151
ending page: 160
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1847

Migration and Human Development in Selected OIC Countries
type: item
description: The study investigates the relationship between migration, remittances, and Human Development in selected OIC countries over the period 2000 to 2019. Four separate models were built for the purpose of testing the theory. The Fixed Effect Model is estimated after checking its validity using the Hausman test, while the short-run association is measured using a VECM. In addition, FMOLS approach was also used to reveal the structure and strength of inter-variable relationships. We found that migration has a positive and insignificant impact on remittances and human development in both bivariate and multivariate models. In multivariate models other variables like corruption, political openness and political Stability had a significant and positive impact on remittances but population had an insignificant and positive impact. Population and foreign direct investment are associated with enhanced levels of human development, while political stability showed an insignificant and positive impact and trade had a negative but significant impact on human development. This study's rationale supports policymakers, economic researchers, and investors
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Development
  topic: keywords
subject: , Remittances
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmood ul Hasan
creator: Sabila Raees
creator: Muhammad Nauman Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahmood ul Hasan, Sabila Raees, Muhammad Nauman Malik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 127
ending page: 138
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1815

Social Safety Nets and Household Welfare: Insights from the Benazir Income Support Program in District Bhakkar
type: item
description: Poverty is a complex problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite the various measures taken, there is still a long way to go in eradicating poverty and improving the standard of living for all. The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) is the largest cash transfer initiative in Pakistan, designed to improve the well-being of the targeted population, thus playing a crucial role in addressing the multifaceted challenges of poverty. This quantitative study evaluated the impact of BISP on socioeconomic development in district Bhakkar. For this purpose, primary data of 320 households was collected through self-administered questionnaires across all four tehsils of district Bhakkar, namely Bhakkar, Darya Khan, Mankera, and KallurKot. The study employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique to estimate Average Treatment on the Treated (ATT) effect. Results indicate a significant, positive impact of BISP cash grants on per capita monthly total expenditures, mainly on food and health expenditures, as well as a positive effect on women's employment rates. This research provides valuable insights into role of BISP in improving household welfare and socioeconomic development, offering important considerations for policymakers aiming to optimize cash transfer programs in similar contexts.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Keywords: Benazir income support program, social safety net, poverty reduction strategies, propensity score matching, impact evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Sajid
creator: Bilal Ahmed
creator: Syed Mushahid Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Sajid, Bilal Ahmed, Syed Mushahid Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 115
ending page: 125
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1806

Education for Sustainable Development in Pre-ServiceTeacher Education: An Assessment of ProspectiveTeachers’ Knowledge and Skills in a B.Ed. Four-YearProgram
type: item
description: This study was designed to assess the increased knowledge of prospective teachers about education for sustainable development while completing their B.Ed. four-years program. The objectives of this study were to assess the gained knowledge of prospective teachers about ESD and the extent to what extent knowledge is given to prospective teachers about SDGs. Also, the level of pedagogical competency is developed during pre-service training. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data were collected from 243 prospective teachers in their 7th and 8th semesters across six public universities in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Multan. The purposive sampling technique was employed, and the prospective teachers of only the 7th and 8th semester B. Ed four-year program were selected. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was employed for data collection. The results indicate that prospective teachers possess general awareness about SDGs that were introduced in B.Ed. programs, rather than explaining each goal along with sub-parts in-depth. More than half of the prospective teachers reported that they learned the concept of ESD during their B.Ed. four-year program. The majority of respondents (prospective teachers) considered that the B. Ed four-year degree program was effective in enhancing their pedagogical skills. Nevertheless, a small number of prospective expressed concerns regarding the integration of ESD in the B.Ed. four-year program, as they didn’t consider this program very helpful in developing comprehensive ESD-related knowledge. Based on these findings, this study recommends that Education for Sustainable Development should be part of the B.Ed. programs, as Pakistan is a developing country facing multiple challenges such as poverty, climate, and inequality. So, integration of ESD into a B.Ed four year program is essential for promoting future sustainability.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: prospective teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Education for Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: B. Ed four-year Elementary program
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazia Kanwal
creator: Ishrat Siddiqa Lodhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nazia Kanwal, Ishrat Siddiqa Lodhi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 139
ending page: 150
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1719

The Role of Digitalization in Alleviating Poverty across Developing Economies
type: item
description: This study examines how digitalization and macroeconomic conditions jointly shape inclusive development in the Global South. Using an unbalanced panel of up to 85 developing and emerging economies over 1995–2024, it constructs a composite Digitalisation Index and estimates three structural equations for poverty. Fixed-effects, random-effects and two-stage least-squares estimators address unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity, while interactions with institutional quality and energy structure capture context dependence. Results show that higher digitalisation significantly reduces poverty and raises real GDP per capita, with the largest gains in low- and lower-middle-income economies and where governance is stronger and financial systems are deeper. The findings underline that digital and green transitions must be sequenced and co-ordinated to deliver inclusive, sustainable development, and they provide comparable elasticities for theory and policy.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digitalization, Poverty, Fixed-effects, random-effects, two-stage least-squares
  topic: keywords
creator: Aimen Javaid
creator: Noreen Safdar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aimen Javaid, Noreen Safdar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 103
ending page: 114
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1718

The Mediating Role of Human Development in the Relationship between Globalization and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Developing Countries
type: item
description: This study investigates the relationship among globalization, human development, and environmental quality using data from hundreds of developing countries from 2000 to 2024. It specifically examines the moderating role of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the globalization–environment nexus. The results indicate that in developing countries globalization has deteriorating environmental effects the interaction between HDI and the KOF Globalization Index (KOFGI) has a significantly positive effect on ecological footprints. Marginal effects analysis further shows consistently positive impacts across the entire data range, with turning points occurring beyond the observed values, highlighting the reinforcing influence of human development on the environmental impacts of globalization. Results indicate that Globalization can lower ecological footprints and increase environmental quality in countries with human development. Globalization linearly improves environmental quality and human development index.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecological Footprint,
  topic: keywords
subject: Globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Foreign Direct Investment,
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Development Index
  topic: keywords
creator: kanwal Younas
creator: Noreen Safdar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kanwal Younas, Noreen Safdar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 95
ending page: 102
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1698

Food Security in Hyderabad: Water Governance, Climate-Smart Farming, and Sustainable Agriculture
type: item
description: This paper investigates the critical paradigms of food security in the Hyderabad division, focusing on the intertwined issues of water governance, climate-smart farming practices, and sustainable agriculture. To undertake this research, a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative tools to capture detailed insights into the region's agricultural and water management challenges was adopted. Data were gathered using a blend of surveys, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Surveys, predominantly composed of close-ended questions, provided structured data, while interviews employed open-ended questions to obtain in-depth responses. The study’s sample population was drawn from four districts within the Hyderabad division—Badin, Thatta, Dadu, and Matiari—ensuring diversity in terms of gender and age demographics. The research found out that climate change is impacting the overall agriculture system. The study identifies food insecurity as a critical issue in Hyderabad Division, closely tied to inadequate agricultural productivity. Water scarcity emerges as the primary driver of crop failures, financial distress, and demotivation among small farmers. The findings affirm that food security cannot be achieved without securing reliable water access for cultivation. Consequently, policy reforms must prioritize efficient water governance and food waste reduction and adoption to smart farming technology to enhance agricultural resilience.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Shuja Ahmed Mahesar
creator: Abdul Razaque Channa
creator: Aajiz Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shuja Ahmed Mahesar, Abdul Razaque Channa, Aajiz Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
starting page: 80
ending page: 94
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.02.1494

The Politics of Consumption: Fischler’s Food Theory and Moral Agency in the Dystopia of The Platform
type: item
description: This study focuses on the symbolic and disciplinary role of food in The Platform (2019), examining how consumption becomes a mechanism for shaping, eroding, and potentially reclaiming subjectivity within systems of inequality. It is the theme of the paper that food, identity, and power are intertwined in a closed, hierarchical setting, where access to food is the key to not only survival but also moral behavior and self-perception. Using the Claude Fischler theory of food and identity, food is used as a means of degradation, violence, and inequality, and not as a means of cultural affirmation. In this sense, the paper explores how food has turned out to be a moral agent of dehumanization and how people internalize the roles assigned to them in systems of inequality through food. It also discusses how the act of refusing to consume, especially the uneaten panna cotta, acts as an act of ethical resistance. The study also traces the protagonist's descent from an idealistic observer to an embodied participant in a violent system, illustrating how food operates not only as a source of sustenance but also as a tool of control and a site of resistance. Methodologically, this study uses close textual reading of the major scenes in the movie, especially the dialogue, character development, and space. These are thematically interpreted to show that The Platform is not only a metaphor of social stratification but also a tool of moral and psychological transformation through food. Such findings open up to further interdisciplinary interaction with food as a medium where political, ethical, and social meanings are negotiated.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dystopian
  topic: keywords
subject: Food and Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Dehumanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Act of Ethical Resistance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Maheen Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maheen Wahid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 79
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1386

Exploring the Socio-Economic Determinants of Higher Education in Pakistan
type: item
description: This endeavor investigated the impact of socio economic determinants of higher education in Pakistan and the change in their role over time. Nationally representative Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) surveys data were used for different periods (2015-16, 2010-11&2005-06). For measurement of education, number of years of schooling of individuals was used as a proxy. At household level, a categorical variable was constructed. Multinomial logistic regression has been used to find the impact of socio-economic determinants of higher education in Pakistan as dependent variable is binary. The economic factors that can play role in attainment of higher education were family income, ratio of food to total expenditures, dummy remittances, wealth and land ownership (Agri and non-Agri), savings of the household, livestock etc. Findings of the study show that among socio economic determinants, Education of household head is most significant determinant of higher education at rural urban level and in overall Pakistan for all three time periods (2015-16, 2010-11&2005-06). During survey years, in overall Pakistan, there is a significant role of food expenditures, number of sources of income and dependency ratio. Role of remittances is significant in Rural and Overall Pakistan. In Rural, Urban, and Overall Pakistan, there is a significant effect of food expenditures and number of sources of income. Dependency ratio is significant in Rural Pakistan. Regarding professions, the role of remittances is important Urban Pakistan and in Overall Pakistan, there is significant role of professionals and managers. The role of Craft & trade related workers, Plant & machine operators, assemblers, and Elementary occupations is significant in overall Pakistan. In urban Pakistan, Technicians and associate professionals’ category is statistically significant as compared to reference category (armed forces). Present study strongly recommended that literacy rate should be increase…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education, PSLM, Income, Households
  topic: keywords
subject: Multinomial Logistic Regression
  topic: keywords
creator: Shazia Rahim
creator: Muhammad Sarwar
creator: Ashfaque Ahmad Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shazia Rahim, Muhammad Sarwar, Ashfaque Ahmad Shah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 47
ending page: 63
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1431

Determinants of Household Leverages in Faisalabad
type: item
description: This study is an attempt to explore the socioeconomic determinants of household leverages in Faisalabad. Primary data for this study has been collected through a structured questionnaire from 250 households. Households had borrowed money from formal and informal institutions. Structural Equation Modeling results reveal that household leverages were high among households belonging to urban areas, nuclear families, educated class, older household heads and self-employed. Financing cost, Volatile income and income effected by covid 19 were the other important determinants of household leverages. Hedonic price model was used to evaluate the level of home-value mis-estimation by conducting another regression only for those households whose heads have their own homes. The results revealed that household leverages were significantly high for those households who overestimate their home-value.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Household Leverages
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural Equation Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Volatility
  topic: keywords
subject: Hedonic Price Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Saaima Ijaz
creator: Imran Qaiser
creator: Samra Subhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saaima Ijaz, Imran Qaiser, Samra Subhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 46
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1372

Impact of Love Attitude on Emotional Reactivity among University Students
type: item
description: In modern university settings, students develop different attitudes and perceptions toward love and romantic relationships. Student’s romantic attitudes and relationships significantly impact their emotional stability, and psychological aspects of life. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of love attitude on emotional reactivity among university students. A cross-sectional survey was employed to carry out this research. Total sample of the study consist of 304 students (152 males, 152 females) aged 18-24. The sample was recruited through a convenient sampling procedure. The Attitudes Toward Love Scale (Knox and Sporakowski, 1968) and the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale Short-Form (Becerra. R & Campitelli. G, 2013) were administered to the participants. Different statistical techniques, including Pearson product-moment correlation and linear regression, were used to analyze the data. The results indicated a negative correlation between love attitude and emotional reactivity. Moreover, the findings revealed that a love attitude significantly predicted negative emotional reactivity. These findings emphasize the importance of love attitude and its impact on emotional outcomes; provide valuable insights for educators and psychologists to develop supportive programs and different counseling strategies that foster and enhance students’ emotional regulation and their academic performance.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Love Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Reactivity
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Neelam
creator: Sadia Musharraf
creator: Arooj Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Neelam, Sadia Musharraf, Arooj Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 65
ending page: 69
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1332

Development Induced Displacement: Key Aspect of Thar Coal Project in Sindh
type: item
description: Since the beginning of Thar coal project it has been connected with a number of controversial issue for instance its negative social, environmental and health effect. The displacement of the Thar is also one of the crucial controversial issues. This study has been designed to primarily focus on the key aspects of displacement of locals with is brought by the development of the Thar coal project. The Introduction part elaborates importance of Thar desert along with its reservoirs which make it the most rich coal mine. Besides, other social, environmental and health issues created by Thar coal mining is highlighted in the Literature Review. Development induced displacement has been key issue in all regions of the world, and mining induced development has increased since last so many decades especially in the South Asian developing countries as they heavily rely on coal reservoirs to meet their energy needs. The paper shed light on the displacement in Thar desert, the land disputes with the companies, and the key concerns of the locals. The brutality of government compelled people to record protest and forward their demands to protect their rights. The paper also discusses the land resettlement policies of Pakistan to explain the land dispute. The recommendation portion suggest some viable choices to secure the land rights of the locals.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Shuja Ahmed Mahesar
creator: Sabahat Jaleel
creator: Husna Noor Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shuja Ahmed Mahesar, Sabahat Jaleel, Hunsa Noor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 32
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1292

Formulation of Women’s Poetics: A Gynocritical Analysis of Unfettered Wings by Sana Munir
type: item
description: This paper aims to offer a nuanced examination of Unfettered Wings (2018) from a feminist perspective. Through the distinct framework of gynocriticism, the study explores how this collection of short stories reflects and challenges the traditional representation of women at various levels. In particular, the study indulges in an in depth examination of the stories in light of the four dimensional model of gynocriticism that includes Biological, Linguistic, Psychological and Cultural analysis. The analysis emphasizes the role, agency, and portrayal of female characters in the stories. By examining how these characters conform to or subvert female archetypes, the study explores implications for the broader representation of women. Through a step-wise gynocritical critique, this paper explores how each story engages with gender expectations, revealing the complex, marginalized interiority of women's experiences. The research considers the broader socio-cultural context in which Sana Munir wrote, shedding light on the constraints and possibilities available to women in Pakistan. The analysis seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Unfettered Wings (2018) participates in and challenges the literary traditions that shape the portrayal of women specifically in Pakistan, making visible the often overlooked dimensions of women's narratives within the broader literary canon.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gynocriticism
  topic: keywords
subject: Female Agency
  topic: keywords
subject: Stereotypes
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Roles
  topic: keywords
subject: Women’s Poetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Aaisha Umt Ur Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aaisha Umt Ur Rashid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-18
publication date: 2025-04-18
starting page: 15
ending page: 22
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.1257

Infrastructure and Economic Growth: Panel Analysis of Selected Asian Countries
type: item
description: Effective and reliable infrastructure is considered helpful for economic growth. Particularly, transport infrastructure is an important factor in the development of countries. The infrastructure can be classified into different dimensions i.e. economic and social infrastructure. The current study uses panel analysis techniques to examine the association between infrastructure and economic growth. The panel data is used having a period from 2000-2020 for selected Asian countries. Panel unit root tests are applied to check the stationarity of the data, and findings depict that all variables are stationary at the first difference. After analyzing the unit root properties, the Pedroni cointegration technique is employed to assess the long-run association. The results indicate that all variables have an association in the long run. Furthermore, the Random effect model is employed for empirical investigations. The results concluded that transport infrastructure, energy use, and communication infrastructures positively affect the economic growth in the selected Asian countries. It is recommended that the government stress public expenditure to ensure effective infrastructure, promoting economic growth. It is also suggested that more budget may be consumed to make the roads, dams, telecommunication services, and bridges.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth, Infrastructure, Panel data
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmood ul Hasan
creator: Muhammad Imran Hassan
creator: Saif Ullah
creator: Muhammad Nauman Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mahmood ul Hasan, Muhammad Imran Hassan, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Nauman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 153
ending page: 161
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.01060

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Urdu Version of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System
type: item
description: The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) is a widely utilized tool for screening and classifying IBS patients according to the severity of their symptoms. This study aimed to translate the IBS-SSS into Urdu, culturally adapt it, and validate it for the Urdu-speaking Pakistani population. The translation process involved forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, an expert committee review, and cognitive interviewing to ensure conceptual and semantic precision. The final Urdu-translated scale was administered to 250 participants (146 females and 104 males) aged 18-67 years (M = 35.69, SD = 12.56). Structural validity was assessed using EFA. The IBS-SSS scores were correlated with GSRS-IBS to determine the convergent validity, while the scores of IBS patients were compared with healthy individuals on different severity levels to explore the discriminant validity. The EFA confirmed the scale's unidimensionality with the KMO measure of the adequacy of 0.91 and Bartlet test of sphericity being significant (p > .001). The reliability assessment suggested robust results with Cronbach’s alpha a = 0.96, indicating high inter-item internal consistency, test-retest reliability ranging from 0.89 to 0.98, and the split-half reliability score yielding highly significant results with a = 0.92 (p < 0.01). Convergent validity revealed a moderate to strong correlation with a value of (r = .65, p < 0.01). For discriminant validity, significant differences in the scores of IBS patients and non-patients were observed, where IBS patients scored higher on all IBS types irrespective of their symptom severity (p < .001). The findings indicated that the Urdu-translated version of IBS-SSS is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of symptom severity in the Pakistani population with IBS. Future studies should investigate the applicability of the scale across diverse Urdu-speaking populations and IBS subtypes, examining its validity in longitudinal st…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Severity Scoring System
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychometric Validation
  topic: keywords
creator: Yasmeen Niazi
creator: Bisma Ejaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yasmeen Niazi, Bisma Ejaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 141
ending page: 151
doi: 10.55627/jhd.02.02.01013

Foreign Capital Dynamics and Macroeconomic Performance in South Asia
type: item
description: Foreign capital is regarded as a vital resource for raising a developing nation's standard of living and wellbeing. Researchers and academics are concentrating on analyzing how foreign capital affects emerging nations. This study examines how foreign capital affects the economic growth of six South Asian nations between 2001 and 2020. The primary measures of foreign capital utilized in this study are official development assistance, foreign direct investment, and migrant remittances. The GDP growth rate is a measure of macroeconomic performance. The empirical analysis is conducted using sophisticated panel data estimate methods, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). The study concludes that official development assistance has a negative impact on economic growth, whereas remittances and foreign direct investment have a beneficial effect.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
  topic: keywords
subject: Macroeconomic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Official Development Assistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Remittances
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Mouneer
creator: Iqra Yaqoob
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Salma Mouneer, Iqra Yaqoob (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 131
ending page: 139
doi: 10.55627/jhd.02.02.0981

AI Integration into Public Relations: A Cross-cultural Study of Low Uncertainty Avoidance Culture (the US) vs. High Uncertainty Avoidance Culture (Pakistan).
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing every industry, globally. The integration of AI into PR (PR) offers significant advantages, however, it varies across cultures. This study explores the integration of AI into PR with a cross-cultural lens, focusing on the United States (US) and Pakistan. It draws on 20 interviews with PR professionals for a comparative study. Utilizing Hofstede’s cultural dimension of the Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), the research examines how culture plays its role in the attitudes toward the integration of AI into PR. Thematic analysis reveals that the US depicted a greater acceptance of AI, citing specific tools and rules, and a smoother integration of AI into PR with less anxiety and uncertainty. It perceived more benefits and the ease of use helped better integration. Pakistan, a high UAI culture, faces challenges due to a lack of clear rules, fewer resources, and openness. There is more uncertainty and anxiety about AI integration. Pakistan finds job loss as a challenge while the US considers pricey subscriptions as an obstacle. The findings provide insights to the PR professionals for culturally adaptive AI strategies. It contributes to the growing body of literature on the intersection of PR, AI, and Culture.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-cultural
  topic: keywords
subject: Uncertainty Avoidance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Zahid
creator: Mudassir Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Zahid, Mudassir Mukhtar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-22
publication date: 2024-11-22
starting page: 119
ending page: 130
doi: 10.55627/jhd.02.02.0961

Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Openness: A Fresh Evidence from Developing Economies
type: item
description: One of the critical challenges confronting developing nations is the attraction of foreign direct investment. This study examines the impact of financial openness on FDI inflows in developing countries using panel data spanning the period from 1993 to 2022, sourced from the World Development Indicators and the Worldwide Governance Indicators. The analysis employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to assess the relationship between FDI inflows (measured as net inflows as a percentage of GDP) and key economic and institutional factors, including financial openness, trade openness, GDP per capita, corruption levels, and political stability. The findings reveal that all these variables exhibit a significant and positive effect on FDI inflows at the aggregate level. Further regional analysis highlights variations across Asia and Africa. In Asia, while most variables positively influence FDI, financial openness and corruption exert a negative impact. Conversely, in Africa, all variables positively affect FDI except for corruption, which negatively influences investment due to the region’s persistent political instability. This study underscores the pivotal role of financial openness, political stability, and corruption levels in shaping FDI inflows. A stable political environment serves as a key determinant in attracting higher levels of foreign investment. Moreover, an increasing GDP per capita and an expanding domestic market enhance a country’s attractiveness to foreign investors. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers seeking to cultivate a favorable investment climate and promote sustainable economic growth.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial Openness
  topic: keywords
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing Economies
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahnaz Muhammad Ali
creator: Rehana kousar
creator: Rana Sharjeel Akhtar
creator: Shabana Rasheed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahnaz Muhammad Ali Ali, Rehana kousar, Rana Sharjeel Akhtar, Shabana Rasheed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.55627/jhd.003.01.0918

Exploring Psychoanalytic and Feminist Elements in Murata's Convenience Store Woman
type: item
description: This study explores the psychoanalytic and feminist elements in Murata's Convenience Store Woman. The id, ego, and superego personality structures are used to organize the data that has been found. The main character's (Keiko) id urges her to act on a primal impulse, chase pleasure, delight, and fulfillment that she must possess, and act on her own accord under the influence of her subconscious. The main character's ego makes her more perceptive to practical ideas that help in decision-making and problem-solving. Her superego controls Keiko's moral principles and idealistic outlook. The stereotype of women as affected by patriarchal culture is also a topic of discussion. The purpose of this study is to explain various forms of misconceptions about women while also demonstrating how female characters may challenge them. The existentialist feminist ideas of Simone De Beauvoir and Sigmund Freud's theory are applied in the study. In this study, the qualitative descriptive method is applied. Techniques for taking notes and reading are used to collect data. The analysis's findings demonstrate that there are three types of stereotypes about women: those as mothers, those as incapable individuals, and those as sex objects. The findings show that Keiko's id, ego, and superego make up her personality as the main character.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patriarchal culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological
  topic: keywords
subject: Main Character
  topic: keywords
subject: Novel
  topic: keywords
subject: Convenience Store Woman
  topic: keywords
subject: , Sigmund Freud
  topic: keywords
creator: Naila Khadim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Naila Khadim Naila Khadim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 109
ending page: 117
doi: 10.55627/jhd.02.02.0891

Audit Management Information System in Pakistan: Challenges and Future Road Map
type: item
description: The Department of Auditor General of Pakistan is the constitutional institution that works to support parliamentary oversight at the federal and provincial levels. Improvements in the Government’s audit processes will contribute to sound financial management, transparency, and accountability in the use of public funds. Improved auditing will contribute to better monitoring and oversight of SDGs and service delivery, by legislature. DAGP is established to ensure that the Executive complies with the various laws and Schedules of Authorized Expenditure passed by the Legislature in letter and spirit. The research is based on transforming the traditional audit cycle to a digitized process; the challenges being faced and the anticipated results of successful implementation of digitized Audit. Accountability in public sector organizations is not only necessary for financial governance but it is also imperative for improvement in public service delivery. This role of accountability has primarily been assigned to the Department of Auditor General of Pakistan. Keeping in view the increased role of Audit in public financial management DAGP has taken a bigger reform initiative this time which is automation of the whole audit Cycle.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Auditor General of Pakistan, Audit Management Information System, Audit Quality Management Framework
  topic: keywords
creator: Madiha Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Madiha Hassan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-17
publication date: 2024-10-17
starting page: 77
ending page: 84
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.0884

Integrating Blockchain Technology into Healthcare, A Decentralized Ledger That Improves Respect for Patients' Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
type: item
description: A patient's medical record is an essential tool for treatment and care. However, questions about privacy, interoperability, and data fragmentation have been brought to light by conventional EHR systems. The research here employs blockchain technology to safeguard the transfer and storage of patient data. Since blockchain transactions may be recorded across several computers in a decentralized manner, any future data changes will need updating each subsequent block. The study makes use of tools such as Ganache, Truffle, Metamask, ZKPs, IPFS and RemixIDE. Blockchain validation is used for patient record retrieval; this procedure generates an encrypted Content ID and a decryption symmetric key. Further assurance of privacy and security is provided by the integration of Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), which enable users to demonstrate record access privileges without disclosing sensitive information. In addition to boosting resilience and interoperability across systems, this decentralized strategy increases the confidentiality, integrity, transparency, and access management of healthcare data. The combination of blockchain technology with zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) increases the reliability of healthcare transactions by safely confirming data access between nodes.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Access control, Blockchain, Decentralization, Ethereum, Healthcare, Interoperability, patient records, Smart contracts, Solidity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar
creator: Mariam Fareed
creator: Sana Rubab
creator: Romiza Rubab
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar, Mariam Fareed, Sana Rubab, Romiza Rubab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-14
publication date: 2024-11-14
starting page: 85
ending page: 98
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.0872

Configuring Markedness Theory of Opposition in Qaisara Sheraz’s Typhoon: A Feministic Binary Opposed Linguistic Analysis
type: item
description: This paper aims to explore the status of women accompanied by patriarchal practices in Pakistan. The linguistic features are analyzed to find the stereotypes as the product of marked and unmarked socio-cognitive structures. Markedness theory of binary opposition has been implied as a theoretical framework. The data includes a few of the lines of the novel selected through purposive sampling. The research proposes qualitative enumeration of the feministic binary opposition. The results show the binary oppositions as marked and unmarked structures of cultural practices enduring cognitive strata through generational practice. The marked suppressive roles of women are subjected to overdue unmarked dominant roles of men. Unmarked dominant roles of the males exhibited the unjust behavior of men around Naghmana, Gulshan, and Chuadharani Kaniz. The results also depicted the negative concepts associated with roles attributed to the unmarked notion of women. The negative roles for women as unmarked concepts show their suppressive roles. The research is significant in analyzing the binary roles as the cause of unequal social relations. It implies the markedness of linguistic choices as a tool to analyze the social structure through binary opposition. The research is particular in providing an additional hierarchy of feminine markedness in the theory of binary opposition. The study also contributes to cognitive studies by implying unmarked dominant roles as the result of naturally existing, frequent, and socially practiced cognitive strata.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Typhoon
  topic: keywords
subject: Binary Opposition
  topic: keywords
subject: Markedness Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Marked Concepts
  topic: keywords
subject: Unmarked Concepts
  topic: keywords
creator: Sundar Huma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ms. Sundar Huma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-15
publication date: 2024-11-15
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.0867

Beyond the Classroom: The Role of Technology in Modern Education
type: item
description: Technology has become an integral aspect of people’s lives, which has affected education significantly. This paper explores the transformative role of digital technologies in education, highlighting how technological advancements have enabled students and instructors to transcend traditional classroom barriers. It examines the benefits of tools such as virtual collaboration platforms, AI-driven learning systems, and digital classrooms in enhancing engagement, personalizing education, and providing global access to learning. Despite the benefits, challenges such as unequal access to technology, excessive screen time, and the digital divide remain critical issues. The paper also addresses the shift toward self-paced learning, the integration of AI and big data in customizing educational experiences, and the ongoing need for teacher training in digital tools. As education continues to evolve, the future holds promise for more personalized, data-driven, and inclusive learning environments, though achieving equal access and minimizing health risks are ongoing concerns. Ultimately, digital technologies are reshaping education, offering new opportunities for innovation, engagement, and global connectivity.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-learning platforms, Digital technologies, Virtual classrooms, Educational challenges
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizwan Yasin
creator: Sara Amin
creator: Muhammad Adnan Yasin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rizwan Yasin, Sara Amin, Muhammad Adnan YASIN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-04
publication date: 2024-10-04
starting page: 69
ending page: 76
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.0852

Demographic Transition and Human Capital in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis
type: item
description: This paper provides empirical evidence that supports the bi-directional relationship between demographic transition and human capital in accordance with demographic transition model (DTM). The study uses the panel data analysis, which consists of 31 developing countries in total from 2010 to 2020.The results expose that fertility rate and mortality rate have negative effect on demographic transition while economic growth and labor force has positive effect on human capital index. The results suggest that appropriate measures ought to be taken by the government to improve the education policies and health insurance programs.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Demographic Transition
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Capital Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing Countries
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahnaz Muhammad Ali
creator: Nafeesa Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mahnaz Muhammad Ali, Nafeesa Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 36
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.01.0755

Nexus between Natural Resources and Human Development in Developing Countries
type: item
description: From 1990–2021, this study looks at the expansion of developing nations and the complicated links between natural resources and growth. In areas where resources are abundant, this study aims to dissect the web of influences that determines how human civilization develops. To achieve this goal, we must prioritize the following seven areas: GDP per capita, life expectancy, school enrollment, carbon emissions, exports of natural resources, and access to purified water. The research uses a large dataset over 30 years to look for correlations between the selected variables. Models for panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), unit root tests, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and variance impact factors (VIF) are among the several statistical techniques used in the methodology. Panel ARDL models that include both long- and short-run coefficients help us understand the long-term and short-term impacts. According to the main results, significant markers of human development, such as life expectancy and school enrollment, are strongly correlated with specific natural resources, such as carbon emissions and the availability of clean water. For academics, development experts, and legislators working to craft policies that promote equitable and comprehensive human development in dynamic socioeconomic contexts, this data could prove to be an invaluable resource.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural Resources, Human Development, Developing Countries
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Gulzar
creator: Shazia Khalid
creator: Muhammad Asif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fatima Gulzar, Shazia Khalid, Muhammad Asif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-07-29
publication date: 2024-07-29
starting page: 51
ending page: 67
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.02.0752

Phytochemicals a Noval Approach as Therapeutic in Prostate Cancer Treatment
type: item
description: Prostate cancer stands as a prominent cause of mortality among men globally. The escalating challenges of resistance, toxicity, and side effects associated with traditional treatments have propelled a shift toward more intensive and aggressive approaches in prostate cancer treatment. The persistent rise in incidence coupled with the inadequacy of conventional therapies in managing advanced prostate cancer necessitates the exploration and development of innovative agents for both the treatment and prevention of this malignancy. The utilization of naturally occurring compounds in chemoprevention has emerged as a promising and cost-effective strategy in recent decades. This approach aims to decrease the incidence and morbidity of prostate cancer (PCa) by inhibiting precancerous events before the onset of clinical disease [28]. Prostate cancer (PCa) presents a substantial opportunity for intervention to prevent or impede its progression. With its high incidence and extended latency, PCa remains an ideal candidate for chemoprevention. Pursuing agents that provide substantial protection against the development of this disease is crucial. The discovery of effective chemopreventive agents could have a considerable impact on disease-related costs, morbidity, and mortality for a significant portion of the population
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prostate Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Apoptosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Angiogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Metastasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cell Cycle
  topic: keywords
creator: zahra Mumtaz
creator: Shazia Perveen
creator: Sumaira Kanwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zahra mumtaz, Shazia Perveen, Sumaira Kanwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 38
ending page: 49
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.01.0740

Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness, Institutional Performance and Economic Growth in Pakistan
type: item
description: The study aims to investigate how foreign direct investment, trade openness, and institutional performance affect economic growth in Pakistan for the period of 1990- 2022. Statistical and econometric methods have been used to investigate the research empirically. Initially we checked stationarity by using the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test and obtained mixed findings of the stationary in the result. Many relevant studies have been examined for this purpose and then the model is constructed by approaching economic growth as a dependent variable and trade openness, foreign direct investment, institutional performance, gross fixed capital formation and employed labor force as explanatory variables. To find short-run and long- run effects of economic growth. ARDL modeling approach was applied which is the most appropriate technique over some other techniques of integration after scrutinizing the stationarity of data through the ADF test.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
  topic: keywords
subject: Trade Openness
  topic: keywords
subject: , Institutional Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Bisma Amjad
creator: Raima Nazar
creator: Sajid Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Bisma Amjad, Raima Nazar, Sajid Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.55627/jhd.002.01.0731

The Impact of Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries
type: item
description: This study examines the influence of remittances on poverty alleviation in developing countries. The data from eighteen developing countries is used for the years 2001 to 2020. For data analysis, panel unit root tests, Pedroni cointegration test and panel ARDL model are used. The study found that foreign remittances are negatively and significantly related to the poverty eradication. Similarly, gross fixed capital formation, labor force participation rate, trade and human capital are negatively and significantly while the variable inflation rate positively and significantly related to the poverty in developing countries. Considering the study's outcomes, it is concluded that remittances are crucial in mitigating the poverty level in developing countries. Therefore, it is recommended that governments should provide migration-friendly measures, such as incentives for workers to travel overseas and remit funds legally rather than illegally. Low-income families would benefit from this, but it would also help the government increase its foreign reserve.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Remittances
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty Alleviation
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel ARDL
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing Countries
  topic: keywords
creator: Shazia Khalid
creator: Fatima Gulzar
creator: Nadia Ameer
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 91
ending page: 98
doi: 10.55627/jhd.001.02.0730

An Eco-Linguistic Study of Kang’s The Vegetarian
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the relationship of human language with nature. Mainly, the present research strives to inquire the natural world language used in ‘The Vegetarian’, by Han Kang, a psycho-social novel about a female protagonist and her life situations. The corpus tool AntConc has been used to find the metaphors with the help of keywords in context. It is found out that women and natural resources like trees are harnessed by men for their benefits. Women are more in control of men who do not allow women to enjoy fresh air, rain, sunlight and fragrance. The trees are more free as compared to women. The protagonist’s desire to become a tree is a try to feel naturally normal that is better than to be a woman. The males are found to follow their natural instincts and controlling the same in women. But the novel concludes that nature and women are tired of misuse and it may be destructive for the survival of the universe if positive changes will not be initiated.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Eco-Linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecofeminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Nature
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Male
  topic: keywords
subject: Female
  topic: keywords
subject: Tree
  topic: keywords
subject: Soul
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil
  topic: keywords
creator: Nusrat Sultana
creator: Zareena Qasim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 75
ending page: 89
doi: 10.55627/jhd.001.02.0729

An overview of Socio-Cultural and Political Status of Sindh Under British Colonial Rule
type: item
description: Sindh province is south eastern in Pakistan. The bordered of Sindh by Baluchistan and Punjab, India and south by Arabian Sea. Sindh capital is Karachi. The Indus civilization is Centre. It was connected by the Persian Achemanian Empire in 6th century BCE, captured by the Alexander Great in 325BCE, It was the part of the Maryun Empire in 3rd centuryBCE, and fell into the Arabs 711. In 16th -17th century ruled by the Mughals. Through a historical and descriptive approach, it focused on the role of British as the administrator and policy makers in Sindh after 1843AD. After the independence of Pakistan Sindh was merged of Pakistan West Provinces but in 1970 reestablished seprete provinces. It is irrigated the Indus river valley where the cotton wheat and rice grown where the population is concentrated.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sindh
  topic: keywords
subject: British
  topic: keywords
subject: , Administration
  topic: keywords
subject: Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Society
  topic: keywords
creator: Attiya Khanam
creator: Iqra Ashraf
creator: Abida Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 65
ending page: 74
doi: 10.55627/jhd.001.02.0727