Comparative Analysis of Estrus Duration and Ovulation Time with and without Copulation in Beetal Goats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55627/agrivet.004.03.1454Keywords:
Buck, Beetal Goats, Copulation, Estrus, OvulationAbstract
Background: The study aimed to assess the impact of copulation on estrus length and ovulation timing in Beetal goats. Methods: Fourteen healthy, multiparous does were synchronized for estrus during the fall breeding season using a CIDR device for 7 days. Each received 5mg of PGF₂α at removal and 50µg of intramuscular gonadotrophin releasing hormone at insertion. The does were split into two groups at random: control (CON; n = 7) and treatment (TRE; n = 7). TRE does undergo two natural copulations within first four hours of estrus expression, while CON does were only mounted by apron-equipped bucks to prevent intromission. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed after every 4 hours following the estrus onset until ovulation. Results: The onset of estrus was similar between groups (41.2±14.8 h in TRE vs. 44.5±11.9 h in CON; P = 0.68). However, the estrus duration was significantly shorter in the TRE group (27.4±4.8 h) than in CON (35.6±5.1 h; P = 0.01). Ovulation occurred earlier in TRE (30.7 ± 2.5 h) than in CON (35.2 ± 3.4 h; P = 0.03). A higher proportion of TRE does ovulated after estrus ended compared to CON (83% vs. 29%; P = 0.04). The number of ovulations per doe did not differ significantly (2.0 ± 0.6 in TRE vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 in CON; P=0.87). Conclusion: In conclusion, copulation significantly shortens estrus and advances ovulation timing in Beetal goats, without affecting ovulation count.
References
Alves, A. E., Motheo, T. F., Apparicio, M. F., Mostachio, G. Q., Santos, R. M. d., Vicente, W. R. R., & Luvoni, G. C. (2023). In vivo embryo development in bitches inseminated laparoscopically after ovulation time estimated based on a single progesterone determination. Animal Reproduction, 20, e20220079. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0079
Boness, D. J. (2009). Estrus and estrous behavior. In W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (Eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals (pp. 392–396). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00105-3
Bottino, J. P., Pérez-Clariget, R., Rodriguez, M. G. K., Ratto, M., & Ungerfeld, R. (2021). Multiple matings modify the estrous length, the moment of ovulation, and the estradiol and LH patterns in ewes. Animal Reproduction, 18, e20210045. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2021-0045
Dubinskaya, A., Guthrie, T., Anger, J., Eilber, K., & Berman, J. (2021). Local genital arousal: Mechanisms for vaginal lubrication. Current Sexual Health Reports, 13(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-021-00306-8
Fatet, A., Pellicer-Rubio, M.-T., & Leboeuf, B. (2011). Reproductive cycle of goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 124(3–4), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.029
Gidena, A. (2017). Effect of estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols in local goats during the breeding season (Master’s thesis). Mekelle University.
Greyling, J. (2000). Reproduction traits in the Boer goat doe. Small Ruminant Research, 36(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00156-8
Habeeb, H. M. H., & Kutzler, M. A. (2021). Estrus synchronization in the sheep and goat. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 37(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.12.002
Hafez, E. S. E. (1970). Reproduction and breeding techniques for laboratory animals. Lea & Febiger.
Knox, R. V. (2015). Recent advancements in the hormonal stimulation of ovulation in swine. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 6, 309–320. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S75157
Landaeta-Hernández, A. J., Ungerfeld, R., & Chenoweth, P. J. (2023). Biostimulation and pheromones in livestock: A review. Animal Reproduction Science, 248, 107154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107154
Parsons, S. D., & Hunter, G. (1967). Effect of the ram on duration of oestrus in the ewe. Reproduction, 14(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0140061
Rande, R., Short, R., Christensen, D., & Bellows, R. (1975). Effect of clitoral massage after artificial insemination on conception in the bovine. Journal of Animal Science, 40(6), 1119–1123. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1975.4061119x
Robinson, T., Moore, N., Holst, P., & Smith, J. (1967). The evaluation of several progestagens administered in intravaginal sponges for the synchronization of oestrus in the entire cyclic Merino ewe. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 18(5), 1043–1055. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9671043
Romano, J. (1993). Effect of service on estrus duration in dairy goats. Theriogenology, 40(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90342-4
Romano, J. (1998). The effect of continuous presence of bucks on hastening the onset of estrus in synchronized does during the breeding season. Small Ruminant Research, 30(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00091-5
Romano, J. (2004). Synchronization of estrus using CIDR, FGA or MAP intravaginal pessaries during the breeding season in Nubian goats. Small Ruminant Research, 55(1–3), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.10.007
Romano, J., & Abella, D. F. (1997). Effect of service on duration of oestrus and ovulation in dairy goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 47(1–2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(96)01632-4
Romano, J., & Benech, A. (1996). Effect of service and vaginal-cervical anesthesia on estrus duration in dairy goats. Theriogenology, 45(3), 691–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(96)00002-1
Romano, J., Crabo, B., & Christians, C. (2000). Effect of sterile service on estrus duration, fertility and prolificacy in artificially inseminated dairy goats. Theriogenology, 53(6), 1345–1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00274-8
Romano, J., Keisler, D., & Amstalden, M. (2019). Time of copulation during estrus period on estrus duration and LH response in Boer goats. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 68, 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.02.005
Romano, J. E., Alkar, A., & Amstalden, M. (2016). Effect of copulation on estrus duration and ovulation time in goats. Theriogenology, 85(2), 330–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.040
Romano, J. E., Keisler, D. H., & Amstalden, M. (2018). Effect of copulation on estrus duration, LH response, and ovulation in Boer goats. Theriogenology, 121, 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.011
Steverink, D., Soede, N., Groenland, G., Van Schie, F., Noordhuizen, J., & Kemp, B. (1999). Duration of estrus in relation to reproduction results in pigs on commercial farms. Journal of Animal Science, 77(4), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.774801x
Sumar, J. B. (1996). Reproduction in llamas and alpacas. Animal Reproduction Science, 42(1–4), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(96)01543-2
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Awais Afzal, Zubaria Yousaf, Saqib Umer, Razia Kausar, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi, Ali Numan, Shahbaz Hussain, Arslan Munawar, Hassan Nawaz, Anjum Masood, Hamza Hassan Khan, Huma Jamil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
