Livestock Farming Optimization: Exploring Livestock Housing and Feeding Strategies for Efficiency in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Livestock feeding and housing are important component in successful livestock farming. The purpose of this study was to explore livestock housing and feeding strategies adopted by the farmers in the study area. The study was carried out in Punjab, Pakistan, a significant livestock-producing region. A total of 3808 livestock farmers were identified through a benchmark survey conducted in two districts i.e., Rahim-Yar-Khan and Muzaffargarh that were specifically chosen for the study. Multistage sampling techniques were used and a sample of 400 livestock farmers was chosen at random from the 40 villages. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis, allowing for a thorough investigation. Results were displayed in tables and graphs for easy comprehension. Findings indicate that 30.5% engage in full-time management, while 69.5% do so part-time. The majority (79.5%) use shelter-less open housing barns, and 78.0% prefer tie stalls for animal housing. Regarding feeding combinations, Green Fodder + Straw is favored most (mean = 4.42), followed by Green Fodder Only (mean = 4.07). In decision-making, Fodder Availability holds the highest influence (mean = 4.57), with Fellow Farmer Advice (mean = 3.74) and Fodder Quality (mean = 3.21) following. Whatever is given to the animal for feeding largely affects its production potential. There must be a solid plan to feed them. Nutritional value of feed, availability of feed and cost of feed must be considered prior to diet planning. Proper shelter contributes to health, comfort and protection from harsh weather conditions and allows animals to harness their genetic abilities and be fed for optimum production. So a wise decision in animal housing and feeding is dearly needed in Punjab Pakistan to get the potential production