Usage of Antibiotics as a Legal and Policy Dilemma in Pakistan

Abstract

The misuse of antibiotics is widespread in Pakistan and poses a significant risk to public health due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Despite existing regulatory structures, there are numerous challenges affecting their effective implementation. This research paper aims to explore the legal and policy issues related to antibiotic usage by employing ethnographic techniques, including participant observation and interviews. Data were collected from a sample of 26 participants residing in District Khairpur Mir’s in Sindh, selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Thematic analysis of the data reveals that negligence by authorities, loss of interest, lack of awareness, and poor enforcement of legal measures contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities across Pakistan. The paper contributes to the field of medical ethics at the intersections of medical practice, law and pharmaceuticals in the context of Pakistan.