Exploring Genetic Variability of the Partial Kappa-Casein Gene in Nili-Ravi Buffalo and Sahiwal Cattle of Pakistan

Muhammad Naeem  Riaz; Sarfraz Mehmood; Abubakar Siddique; Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Akhtar; Khansa Jamil; Aatka Jamil; Jai Parkash Kolhi; Ghulam Muhammad Ali

doi:10.55627/agrivet.03.02.0588

Authors

Muhammad Naeem Riaz Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Sarfraz Mehmood Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Abubakar Siddique Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Akhtar Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Khansa Jamil Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Aatka Jamil Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad
Jai Parkash Kolhi Department of Animal Product Technology, Sindh Agricultural University Tandojam
Ghulam Muhammad Ali Animal Biotechnology Program, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55627/agrivet.03.02.0588

Keywords:

Kappa-casein, Nili-Ravi Buffalo, Sahiwal cattle, SNP

Abstract

Recent years have seen an immense spike in scientific interest in the ҡ-CN gene polymorphism because of its strong correlation with the characteristics and composition of milk. It also plays an important role in milch breed characterization and processing properties. In the current study, two breeds of Pakistan, i.e., Nili-Ravi buffalo (n= 45) and Sahiwal (n= 60), were genotyped for the ҡ-CN gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP. Animals of Nili-Ravi buffalo were found homozygous, showing BB genotype, while genotypes AA & AB were observed in Sahiwal cattle with the genotypic frequencies 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. Sequence analysis of Nili-Ravi buffalo samples with already published sequences of the same breed has shown two SNPs with no effect on protein functionality. However, on sequence comparison with Indian Murrah buffalo replacing Threonine with Isoleucine at codon 136, which affects protein functionality, also confirmed through PROVEAN. Moreover, in Sahiwal cattle, both synonymous as well as non-synonymous substitutions were found. This work paves the door for future studies to characterize breeds and identify unique SNPs within the breed

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