Antibiotic-laden Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Reduced Multi-Drug Resistance

Abstract

The rapid growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a significant therapeutic challenge, necessitating the development of new antimicrobials and their combinations with nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles have been used both independently and in combination to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria, offering new avenues through nanotechnology. The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a major global health issue. Traditional antibiotic treatments frequently contribute to the development of pathogen resistance, resulting in a reduced number of effective antimicrobials available for future use.  The antibacterial activity was assessed through the minimum inhibitory concentration assay (MIC). Findings showed that substances including silver, gold, chitosan, and aminoglycosides entrapped silica networks alone had no or minimum effect on bacterial growth, but in combination, they greatly reduced bacterial growth. This review concludes the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for new synthetic or natural antibacterial agents in combination with NPs such as silver, gold, chitosan, and aminoglycosides entrapped silica networks providing insights into various medication strategies.